Explanations of items in the income statement

5. Sales/segment reporting

According to IFRS 8, the identification of operating segments to be included in the reporting process is based on the so-called management approach. External reporting should therefore be based on the Group’s internal organization and management structure, as well as internal financial reporting to the Chief Operating Decision Maker. In the United Internet Group, the Management Board is responsible for assessing and controlling the success of the various segments.

The Group’s operating business is divided into the two business divisions “Access” and “Applications”, which in turn are divided into the reporting segments “Consumer Access” and “Business Access”, as well as “Consumer Applications” and “Business Applications”.

A description of the products and services is provided in Note 2.1 in the explanation of revenue recognition. The segment “Corporate” comprises mainly management holding functions.

The Management Board of United Internet AG mainly controls operations on the basis of key performance figures. It measures segment success primarily on the basis of sales revenue, and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA). Transactions between segments are charged at market prices. Information on sales revenue is allocated to the country in which the company is domiciled. Segment earnings are reconciled with the total amount for the United Internet Group.

Segment reporting of United Internet AG in fiscal year 2022 was as follows:

Segment reporting of United Internet AG in fiscal year 2021 was as follows:

Non-current segment assets comprise shares in associated companies, other financial assets, and goodwill.

In the fiscal year 2022, revenue of the Consumer Access segment from contracts with customers includes hardware sales of € 767,600k (prior year: € 757,050k). Revenue of the Business Access segment from contracts with customers for the fiscal year 2022 includes hardware sales of € 7,625k (prior year: € 2,985k). The remaining revenue of the two segments is attributable to service revenue. The other business segments only generate revenue from services.

In the reporting periods, there was no significant concentration of individual customers in the customer profile. As in the previous year, the United Internet Group did not generate more than 10% of total external sales revenue with any single customer. Foreign sales accounted for 10.6% (prior year: 9.1%) of total Group revenue.

In addition to investments, the highest management committee only monitors shares in associated companies, other non-current financial assets, and goodwill. The depreciation disclosed in the segments refers to other, non-monitored intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment, as these are largely determined automatically once the relevant useful life has been determined.

Contract balances developed as follows in the fiscal year 2022:

Apart from customer growth, the main reason for the year-on-year increase in contract assets was the increased subsidizing of hardware in the fiscal year 2022.

In fiscal year 2022, revenue of € 157,886 k (prior year: € 152,094 k ) was recognized which was contained in contract liabilities at the beginning of the fiscal year.

The total transaction price of performance obligations still unfulfilled at the end of the reporting period amounted to € 1,670,738 k (prior year: € 1,562,970 k ) as of December 31, 2022. The following table shows the time bands in which the transaction prices from unfulfilled or partially unfulfilled performance obligations as of the reporting date are expected to be recognized:

The transaction prices shown relate to unfulfilled performance obligations from contracts with customers with an original contract term of more than 12 months. They relate to service components with period-based revenue recognition and to contracts for which a one-off fee has been invoiced and which are now recognized as revenue over the relevant original minimum contract term.

6. Cost of sales

Cost of sales in relation to sales revenue decreased to 66.0% compared with the previous year (prior year: 65.3%), resulting in a rise in gross margin to 34.0% (prior year: 34.7%).

In the previous year, the cost of sales included non-period income of € 39.4m in connection with the new national roaming agreement, whose conditions applied as of July 1, 2020, and which represents a retroactive adjustment of pre-service prices for the fiscal year 2020. Since the conclusion of the new national roaming agreement in May 2021, the Company is entitled – via its subsidiary 1&1 (Segment Consumer Access) – to reduce or increase the pre-service capacities it had ordered within contractually defined ranges, with a positive impact on the cost of sales.

The other cost of sales mainly include operating costs for the data centers and logistics expenses.

7. Selling expenses

Other selling expenses mostly comprise customer relationship costs and product management expenses.

8.  General and administrative expenses

The other general and administrative expenses mostly comprise expenses in connection with accounts receivable management, third-party services, insurance contributions, and auditing fees.

9. Other operating income/expenses

9.1 Other operating expenses

Expenses from foreign currency translation mainly comprise losses from exchange rate changes between the date of origination and time of payment of foreign currency receivables and payables as well as losses from measurement as of the reporting date. Currency gains from these items are reported under other operating income. A net consideration of this item results in a net expense of € 242 k (prior year: net expense of € 3,598 k ). Other taxes mainly relate to foreign sales tax or comparable country-specific taxes, resulting from activities outside Germany. Other items primarily concern the reclassification of income from the reversal of accruals.

9.2 Other operating income

Income from foreign currency translation mainly comprises gains from exchange rate changes between the date of origination and time of payment of foreign currency receivables and payables, as well as gains from measurement as of the reporting date. Currency losses from these items are reported under other operating expenses. Income from derivatives relates to a hedging transaction. Income from deconsolidation results from the sale of shares in the associate Intellectual Property Management Company Inc. in the Business Applications segment.

10. Impairment of receivables and contract assets

Impairment of receivables and contract assets comprised the following:

The main drivers of the significant increase in impairment are higher payment default rates and the increased cut-off limits for defaulting customers under the revised German Telecommunications Act. During the course of the fiscal year 2022, the financial burden on people increased noticeably; since March 2022, inflation rates in Germany have been well above 7 percent – the highest level in decades. This led to an increase in defaults. In the fiscal year 2021, on the other hand, the restrictions imposed by the German government as a result of the coronavirus pandemic still had a positive effect on the payment behavior of customers. Raising the cut-off limits leads to an increase in the amounts subject to impairment in the event of payment default.

11. Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization of intangible assets, and property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

Depreciation and amortization also includes the amortization of capitalized assets resulting from business combinations. These are divided between the capitalized assets as follows:

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives in the consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year 2022 were subjected to an impairment test on the level of the cash-generating units as of the reporting date.

Amortization of capitalized assets resulting from business combinations is divided between the business combinations as follows:

12. Personnel expenses

Personnel expenses are divided among the various divisions as follows:

Personnel expenses include wages and salaries of € 576,253k (prior year: € 551,971k), and social security costs of € 99,295k (prior year: €93,461k). Personnel expenses in connection with employee stock ownership plans totaled € 11,276k (prior year: € 22,394k).

The number of employees increased by 5.0%, from 9,975 employees in the previous year to 10,474 employees at year-end 2022:

The average number of employees in fiscal year 2022 amounted to 10,231 (prior year: 9,920), of which 8,356 (prior year: 8,143) were employed in Germany and 1,875 abroad (prior year: 1,777).

With regard to company pension plans, the Group only has defined contribution plans. The Company pays contributions to the state pension fund as a result of statutory obligations. There are no other benefit obligations for the Company after payment of the contributions. The current contribution payments are disclosed as an expense in the respective year. In fiscal year 2022, they totaled € 41,623 k (prior year: € 40,627 k ) and mostly concerned contributions paid to the state pension fund in Germany.

As a result of contribution exemptions, an amount of € 0k (prior year: € 0k) of this total referred to contributions paid to related parties.

13. Financial expenses

The subsequent measurement of embedded derivatives refers to the measurement through profit or loss of the derivatives agreed in the course of the Warburg Pincus investment in the Business Applications segment as well as purchase price liabilities from the acquisition of STRATO and InterNetX.

The interest expense from the deferral of spectrum liabilities results from the agreement with the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Network Infrastructure under which the payment obligation for mobile communications spectrum was extended to 2030. Please refer to Note 34.3 for further details.

Please refer to Note 45 for an explanation of the financial expense from leases.

14. Financial income

The subsequent measurement of embedded derivatives refers to the measurement through profit or loss of derivatives agreed in the course of the Warburg Pincus investment in the Business Applications segment. Income from dividends of € 174k mainly refers to dividends of investees. Other financial income mainly comprises interest income from credit balances with banks. With regard to income from loans to associated companies, please refer to Note 42.

15. Income taxes

The income tax expense is comprised as follows:

Under German tax law, income taxes comprise corporate income tax and trade tax, as well as the solidarity surcharge.

The effective trade tax rate depends on the municipalities in which the Group operates. The average trade tax rate in fiscal year 2022 amounted to approx. 15.64% (prior year: 15.3%).

As in the previous year, German corporate income tax was levied at 15% – irrespective of whether the result was retained or distributed. In addition, a solidarity surcharge of 5.5% is imposed on the assessed corporate income tax.

In addition to taxes on the current result, current income taxes include non-period tax expenses of € 4,824 k (prior year: tax income of € 868 k).

Deferred tax assets are recognized for tax loss carryforwards, interest carryforwards, and temporary differences if it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized.

Deferred tax assets for tax loss carryforwards in certain countries are shown in the table below:

Deferred taxes for loss carryforwards mainly relate to the 1&1 Versatel Group. Taking into consideration significant taxable temporary differences, the realization of loss carryforwards is based in particular on the considerable strategic importance of Versatel as an i ntercompany service provider for the existing Layer II products of 1&1 Telecom GmbH and significant positive earnings forecasts, as well as the planned provision of the backbone network for the establishment of the 5G mobile communications network of 1&1 AG.

The following time limits apply for the use of tax loss carryforwards in different countries:

• USA: 20 years for loss carryforwards incurred before 2018, indefinite for loss carryforwards incurred from 2018 onwards
• Germany: Indefinite, but minimum taxation

Tax loss carryforwards for which no deferred tax assets have been formed, refer to the following countries (excluding Germany):

* Tax rate 21.0%

** Tax rate 10.0%

A breakdown of income tax types results in the following loss carryforwards for Germany for which no deferred taxes have been formed:

Loss carryforwards in Germany for which no deferred tax assets have been formed mainly refer to loss carryforwards of 1&1 Versatel GmbH, 1&1 Energy GmbH, and IONOS Group SE (formerly: IONOS TopCo SE).

The so-called “interest cap” enshrined in German tax law limits the deductibility of interest expenses for the assessment of company income taxes. Interest expenses that cannot therefore be deducted are carried forward indefinitely to the following fiscal years (interest carryforward).

The Group’s interest carryforward, for which no deferred taxes were formed, amounts to € 89,648 k (prior year: € 112,962 k ).

In the reporting period, additional deferred tax assets were recognized on interest carryforwards due to the positive planning of tax results. The resulting tax relief amounted to € 16,150k in the financial period (prior year: € 9,019k). Deferred tax receivables on interest carryforwards from previous years account for € 6,321k of this total.

In fiscal year 2022, no interest and loss carryforwards were used (prior year: € 0k) for which deferred taxes had been formed in the previous year.

Deferred taxes resulted from the following items:

*Im Berichtsjahr 2022 wurden die Konsolidierungsanpassungen auf die einzelnen Bilanzpositionen, aus denen sich die betreffenden latenten Steuern ableiten, allokiert

The net balance of deferred tax liabilities of € 266,671 k in the previous year decreased to a net balance of deferred tax liabilities of € 253,383 k. As a result, the total change in the net balance of deferred taxes amounted to € 13,288 k (prior year: € 44,556 k). This change was mainly due to the following factors:

• Increase in deferred tax liabilities on contract assets not recognized in the tax balance sheet (€ 12.6m).
• Increase in deferred tax assets from leases and employee stock ownership plans of € 14.5m
• Increase in deferred tax assets on accrued hardware subsidies, and assumed activation fees in the tax balance sheet (€ 6.4m).
• Decrease in deferred tax liabilities from intangible assets in connection with the amortization of assets from company acquisitions of € 12.1m.
• Increase in deferred tax assets from loss carryforwards and interest carryforwards of € 19.2m.

The change in the net balance of deferred taxes compared to the previous year is reconciled as follows:

In the previous year, the addition from business combinations relates to the acquisition of we22 AG.

The deferred tax effects recognized in equity result mainly from the employee stock ownership programs, which are recognized in equity.

The aggregate tax rate is reconciled to the effective tax rate of continued operations as follows:

The item actual and deferred taxes mainly refers to actual tax expenses from the tax audit and relates to previous years.

Non-taxable at-equity results mainly relate to the prorated results of the associated companies Kublai and AWIN.

The anticipated tax rate corresponds to the tax rate of the parent company, United Internet AG.

As in the previous year, income tax claims mainly relate to receivables from tax authorities in Germany and amounted to € 34,741k (prior year: € 46,354k) as of the balance sheet date.

As in the previous year, income tax liabilities relate primarily to liabilities to tax authorities in Germany and amounted to € 52,723k (prior year: € 58,430k) as of the balance sheet date.

16. Earnings per share

As of December 31, 2022, capital stock was divided into 194,000,000 registered no-par shares (prior year: 194,000,000 shares) each with a theoretical share in the capital stock of € 1. On December 31, 2022, United Internet held 7,284,109 treasury shares (prior year: 7,284,109). These treasury shares do not entitle the Company to any rights or proportional dividends and are thus deducted from equity. The weighted average number of shares outstanding used for calculating undiluted earnings per share was 186,715,891 for fiscal year 2022 (prior year: 187,051,294).

As of the reporting date, there was a dilutive effect from employee stock ownership programs of subsidiaries of € 0.01 (prior year: € 0.01) per share.

The calculation of the dilutive effect from conversion is made by first determining the number of potential shares. On the basis of the average fair value of the shares, the number of shares is then calculated which could be acquired from the total amount of payments (par value of the rights plus additional payment). If the difference between the two values is zero, the total payment is exactly equivalent to the fair value of the potential shares and no dilutive effect need be considered. If the difference is positive, it is assumed that these shares will be issued in the amount of the difference without consideration.

Based on an average market price of € 26.44 € (prior year: € 34.96), this would result in the issuance of 461,921 shares (prior year: 554,714) without consideration. The number of shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share for the fiscal year 2022 is therefore 187,177,812 (prior year: 187,606,008).

The following table shows the underlying amounts for the calculation of undiluted and diluted earnings:

17. Dividend per share

The virtual Annual Shareholders' Meeting of United Internet AG on May 19, 2022 voted to accept the proposal of the Management Board and Supervisory Board to pay a dividend of € 0.50 per share. The total dividend payment of € 93.4 m was made on May 24, 2022.

In accordance with section 21 of the Company’s articles, the Annual Shareholders' Meeting decides on the appropriation of the balance sheet profit. For the fiscal year 2022, the Management Board will propose to the Supervisory Board a dividend of € 0.50 for each share entitled to dividends for the past fiscal year 2022.

The Management Board and Supervisory Board will discuss this dividend proposal at the Supervisory Board meeting on March 29, 2023.

Pursuant to section 71b AktG, the Company does not accrue any rights from treasury shares and thus has no pro-rated dividend rights. As at the date of signing the Consolidated Financial Statements, the United Internet Group holds 19,183,705 treasury shares (prior year: 7,284,109). The number of shares with dividend rights may change before the Annual Shareholders' Meeting. In this case, a proposal will be made to the Annual Shareholders' Meeting to maintain the dividend of € 0.50 per entitled no-par value share with a corresponding adjustment to the proposal for the appropriation of profit.